Rats, those pesky rodents, are a ubiquitous presence in many parts of the world, including the United States. With an estimated population in the billions, these adaptable creatures can thrive in a wide range of environments, from urban jungles to rural landscapes. This is where the term rat race comes from, all of these rodents competing for limited resources aka food. In fact, since 2020 cities around the US are reporting rat population increases by up to 71 percent! WOW! 

While rats are most active at night, these opportunistic feeders can be seen scampering about during the day, especially in areas with limited human activity. Their diet is incredibly diverse, ranging from garbage and scraps to insects and even their own young in times of scarcity. An interesting fact about rats is their remarkable intelligence. They can learn complex tasks, solve puzzles, and even navigate mazes, making them both challenging and fascinating adversaries.

Signs of a Rat on Your Property

There are several telltale signs that indicate a rat infestation on your property. The most obvious evidence is the presence of rats themselves, but other clues include droppings, which are often dark, pellet-shaped, and found in areas frequented by the rodents.

Gnaw marks on food packaging, furniture, and walls are another common sign. Additionally, you might notice a strong, unpleasant odor, as rats produce a musky scent and leave trails of this scent behind them as a way to communicate to other rats. While a small colony of rats may be able to go unnoticed in a home for months, their ability to breed and grow the size of their colony will ensure that before long, their presence will be obvious.  

Rat Breeding Season

Rats are prolific breeders, capable of reproducing year-round in warm climates. A female rat can have multiple litters per year, with each litter containing an average of 6-12 pups. This rapid reproductive rate contributes to their ability to quickly establish and expand populations. Young rats reach breeding age in about 9 weeks, meaning that in an area with low predators, their population can explode in just a few months. Did you know, that this explosive growth and their musky scent attracts snakes? 

What Role Rats Provide in the Ecosystem

While rats are often seen as pests, they do play a role in the ecosystem. As omnivores, they help to control populations of insects and other small creatures. In some cases, rats can also contribute to seed dispersal by carrying and dropping seeds in various locations. However, these benefits are overshadowed by the negative impacts of rat infestations on human health and property.

Rats are incredibly destructive, chewing through a variety of materials ranging from siding and wiring, to clothing, backpacks, and food containers. Additionally, rats can carry bacteria and disease as they leave a trail of urine as they move and rub against objects. Further, coming into contact or breathing dust contaminated with rat feces can lead to Streptobacillus, Immunovirosis, Leptospirosis, and Hemorrhagic fever in humans. It is advised that if you develop flu-like symptoms after contact, to seek medical attention. 

How to Make Your Home/Property Less Inviting for Rats

Preventing a rat infestation is crucial to protecting your home and health. Here are some essential steps to make your property less attractive to these unwanted guests:

• Sanitation: Proper sanitation is key to deterring rats. Store food in airtight containers, clean up spills promptly, and take out the trash regularly. Avoid leaving food scraps or pet food out overnight.
• Declutter: Rats love to hide in clutter. Remove piles of cardboard, newspapers, and other debris from your property. Keep storage areas clean and organized.
• Seal Entry Points: Rats can squeeze through surprisingly small openings. Inspect your home’s exterior for potential entry points, such as gaps around pipes, wires, and vents. Seal any holes or cracks with steel wool or caulk.
• Outdoor Maintenance: Keep your yard clean and free of clutter. Trim bushes and trees away from the house to eliminate hiding places. Secure garbage cans tightly with lids.
• Professional Pest Control: If you have a severe rat infestation, it’s essential to contact a professional pest control service. They have the expertise and tools to effectively eliminate the problem.

Rat Wrap-up

Rats are incredibly intelligent and determined critters who live in colonies with assigned roles and value to the great good. These animals can breed year round and when predators are limited, the population will grow at exponential rates. If you suspect a rat problem in your home, do not delay resolving it as rats can cause significant damage in a short amount of time. However, with the help of an expert, like Prickly Pear, you can combat even complex rat infestations with the right tools and approach.